Yarn manufacturers in India measure the strength of yarns to determine the physical attributes of a fabric, such as tear and tensile for woven fabrics and bursting for knitted fabrics. To have a good physical property of the fabric, yarn strength factors is the key element. The end product will be weak if the yarn is not strong enough during knitting or weaving.
The tensile property is defined by the maximum force required to break or disintegrate a large number of yarns in either weft or warp direction. This parameter strongly depends on the roving properties and spinning processes.
Yarn Strength Factors and Elongation
Cotton yarn manufacturers in India often perform different qualitative tests before producing a yarn of the required strength. This is essential in the research and development of new products and in addressing customer complaints.
Based on their level of expertise, technicians from top textile companies in India can offer a rough qualitative prediction of the yarn strength by evaluating different fabric parameters, like fineness, twist yarn, yarn count, length, and strength.
Staple Length and Density
Due to the low twist factor, longer fiber length gives higher strength. When the fiber length is longer, and fiber quality is finer, the friction resistance between the fibers is larger. When the uniformity of fiber length is good, and the fiber strands are fine, the yarn will be even, resulting in higher strength. There might be traces of weak rings, but they wouldn’t cause any damage.
Fiber Fineness
Fine fibers give stronger yarn when compared to coarse fibers. This is because more fibers in the cross-section and the increased internal friction provided by a greater number of fibers result in higher yarn strength.
Fiber Strength
Logically, the strength of yarn depends upon the group of fibers. For instance, in the case of cotton fibers, when the fibers are long, they can be accumulated together in the same cross-section, such that the strength of an individual fiber loses its significance.
Fiber Twist
The twist and the number of twists play a significant role in determining the strength of the yarn. Even polyester yarn manufacturers in India must note this.
The greater number of twists, the higher the strength. However, there is a certain limitation to the number of twists. Any twist beyond the optimal level will eventually decrease the strength.
This maximum number of twists for optimal yarn strength varies with different cotton yarn manufacturers in India. However, it depends upon the twist angle and must remain constant for fibers with similar properties and characteristics.
Fiber Finish
The processing approach and characteristics of the staple and man-made fibers impact the quality and strength. For instance, synthetic man-made fibers are processed with several chemicals to change their characteristics. The chemical used can influence the strength of the finished product.
Fiber Length Variation and Distribution
When cotton- yarn is spun, the shorter fibers produce a yarn with lower strength. Therefore, it is important that textile companies in India introduce rules and limitations in mixing shorter fibers vs. longer fibers.
Other factors influencing the yarn include equipment type, tester’s efficiency, amount of water vapor in the yarn, and humidity level in the air.
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